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CAT Exam Success: Mastering Loans, Installments, Ranking, and Past Tense Made Easy- Day 11
Edited By Team Careers360 | Updated on Sep 19, 2024 03:32 PM IST | #CAT
Based on the CAT syllabus 2024, we have created a preparation strategy to ace the CAT Exam. We have covered a strategy for every single day up to 10 days. In the previous article, we discussed the CAT Exam strategy on how to Solve the problems involving Simple Interest and Compound Interest, Blood relations, and tenses (Part 1) on Day 10 of CAT preparation.
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This Story also Contains
- Quantitative Aptitude For CAT 2024
- Logical Reasoning And Data Interpretation:
- VARC Topic: -Tenses Part-2 (Past Tense)
- Free eBooks for CAT Preparation 2024
We're back with a strategy for Day 11 of our CAT preparation for CAT 2024. In this article, we will be discussing strategies for the following topics, including simple interest instalment questions and common CAT questions.
Follow the 60-day CAT exam preparation schedule we prepared for you to get a flow, plan, and schedule for your preparation.
Quantitative Aptitude For CAT 2024
Simple interest(SI) Instalments
Loans and instalments are key topics in financial mathematics and an essential tool to borrow money for various purposes, such as purchasing a home, financing education, or expanding a business.
When you take a loan from an agency and return it in parts after regular intervals. The amount returned at regular intervals is an instalment.
CAT Questions on Instalments and CAT Questions on Loans are categorised based on whether the interest rate is Simple Interest or Compound Interest .
We need to have a clear idea about how to calculate the Simple Interest or Compound Interest of a sum of money.
Simple interest = (Principal × Rate × Time) / 100
Compound interest = Principal × [1 + (Rate / 100)]Time – Principal
Suppose Anil purchased a television worth Rs. 18000 paying Rs. 10000 cash down payment and every month a fixed instalment has to be paid for the next 6 months where interest is charged at 10% per month on simple interest.
You need to calculate the value of EMI.
First, you need to calculate debt (Amount due after 6 months if paid in a single time)
Principal = 18000 – 10000 = Rs. 8000
Debt = 8000 + (8000 × 10 × 6)/100 = Rs. 12800
First instalment after 1st month = Rs. 100x (Let)
Amount due after 1 month = Rs. 12800 – 100x – 100x × 5 × 10/100 = Rs. 12800 – 150x
(Instalment amount and Interest for 5 months have to be subtracted from the amount due since 100x is returned after one month and interest is added for 6 months in the original amount due)
Amount due after 2 months = Rs. 12800 – 150x – 100x – 100x × 4 × 10/100
= Rs. 12800 – 290x
(Instalment amount and Interest for 4 months have to be subtracted from the amount due since 100x is returned after two months and interest is added for 6 months in the original amount due)
Amount due after 3 months = Rs. 12800 – 290x – 100x – 100x × 3 × 10/100
= Rs. 12800 – 420x
(Instalment amount and Interest for 3 months have to be subtracted from the amount due since 100x is returned after three months and interest is added for 6 months in the original amount due)
Amount due after 4 months = Rs. 12800 – 420x – 100x – 100x × 2 × 10/100
= Rs. 12800 – 540x
(Instalment amount and Interest for 2 months have to be subtracted from the amount due since 100x is returned after four months and interest is added for 6 months in the original amount due)
Amount due after 5 months = Rs. 12800 – 540x – 100x – 100x × 1 × 10/100
= Rs. 12800 – 650x
(Instalment amount and Interest for 1 month have to be subtracted from the amount due since 100x is returned after five months and interest is added for 6 months in the original amount due)
Amount due after 6 months = Rs. 12800 – 650x – 100x
(The instalment amount has to be subtracted from the amount but interest is not subtracted since 100x is returned after six months and interest is added for 6 months in the original amount due)
After payment of all instalments, the amount due = 0
So, Rs. 12800 – 650x – 100x = 0
⇒ x = 17.067
⇒ 100x = Rs. 1706.7
Instalments At Simple Interest
To find the value of the annual instalment with Simple Interest , we use the following formula:
Annual instalment = 100A / 100T + [RT(T – 1)/2]
Where A is the total amount to be paid in T years with R% annual interest.
Instalments At Compound Interest
Let a person take a loan from an agency at r% per annum compounded annually and pay the loan in equal instalments for n years.
Then, the value of each instalment can be calculated by the given formula:
Amount due after n years = P (1 + r/100)n
If paid in instalments, the amount due must be equal to
P (1 + r/100)n = X (1 + r/100)n-1 + X (1 + r/100)n – 2 + X (1 + r/100)n – 3 +…. + X (1 + r/100)
Where, X = Instalment value
Questions and MCQs on Loans and advances and CAT questions on Installments (SI and CI) can be divided into sub-categories during CAT preparation:
Questions that involve calculations of instalment value.
Questions that involve calculations of the rate of interest charged.
Questions that involve calculations of debt.
We have to further study topics like “instalment loans for bad credit”, “instalment loan calculator”, and “loan instalment payment” to delve deeper into this chapter. Now we will practice some instalment loan example questions to understand the topic better.
CAT Model Questions And Answers From CAT Previous Year Papers
Question 1. John borrowed Rs. 2,10,000 from a bank at an interest rate of 10% per annum, compounded annually. The loan was repaid in two equal instalments, the first after one year and the second after another year. The first instalment was the interest of one year plus part of the principal amount, while the second was the rest of the principal amount plus due interest thereon. Then each instalment, in Rs., is:
[CAT Question Paper 2018, TITA]
Rs. 121000 (Correct answer)
Rs. 100000
Rs. 120000
Rs. 125000
Solution:
P = 210000, n = 2, r = 10
Let X be the value of the instalment each year.
Using,
P (1 + r/100)n = X (1 + r/100)n-1 + X (1 + r/100)n-2 + X (1 + r/100)n-3 +….+ X (1 + r/100)
⇒ 210000(1 + 10/100)2 = X (1 + 10/100)2-1 + X (1 + 10/100)2-2
⇒ 210000(121/100) = X (11/10) + X
⇒ 2100 × 121 = X (21/10)
∴ X = 121000
Hence, the correct answer is Rs. 121000.
Question 2. Rahul takes a loan of Rs 150000 at an interest rate of 20% compound interest, which is compounded annually. He agrees to pay three equal instalments in three years, one instalment at the end of every year. Find the value of each instalment.
[CAT Question Paper - sample paper]
Rs. 71209 (Correct answer)
Rs. 68349
Rs. 76484
Rs. 72904
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Download NowSolution:
P = 150000, n = 3, r = 20
Let X be the value of the instalment each year.
Using,
P (1 + r/100)n = X (1 + r/100)n-1 + X (1 + r/100)n-2 + X (1 + r/100)n-3+….+ X (1 + r/100)
⇒ 150000(1 + 20/100)3 = X (1 + 20/100)3-1 + X (1 + 20/100)3-2 + X (1 + 20/100)3-3
⇒ 150000(216/125) = X (36/25) + X(6/5) + X
⇒ 150000(216/125) = X (91/25)
∴ X = 71209
Hence, the correct answer is Rs. 71209.
Question 3: What is the amount (in INR) of debt that will be discharged in 6 equal instalments of INR 800 each, if the debt is due in 6 years at 5% per annum?
[CAT Question Paper - sample paper]
Rs. 6600
Rs. 7500
Rs. 8000
Rs. 5400 (Correct answer)
Solution:
Given:
Installment = INR 800
Rate, r = 5%
Time, t = 6 years
Let the debt be x.
Instalment = (Debt × 100) / [100t + {r × t(t-1)} / 2]
⇒ 800 = 100x / [100 × 6 + {5 × 6(6-1)}/2]
⇒ 800 = 100x / 675
∴ x = 5400
Hence, the correct answer is Rs. 5400.
Prerequisite For CAT Questions On Instalments
To prepare this topic for the CAT exam, students must know of
Fractions and percentages on fingertips.
Successive Changes
References to Study (Theory)
Quantitative Aptitude for CAT by N K Sinha
Dinesh Miglani Tutorials for CAT IPM CLAT SSC BANK
References to Study (Practice)
Arun Sharma: A Quantitative Approach for CAT (7th Edition)
https://iim-cat-questions-answers.2iim.com
Logical Reasoning And Data Interpretation:
Ranking (LR)
Ranking is the process of determining the position or place of a person or thing based on comparison and other information given in the questions for the CAT exam.
It is one of the most important parts of Logical Reasoning for the CAT exam.
For some information about this topic, students can study “Ranking logical reasoning pdf”, “order and ranking Logical Reasoning ” and “Ranking logical reasoning questions”.
Ranking: Questions Type Asked In CAT Exam
There are many different types of questions asked in the CAT exam based on ranking.
Some of them are:
The position/Ranking of the person is asked from the bottom/left/right/top.
Questions based on swapping of positions.
Questions are based on the number of persons between two positions.
Questions based on finding the total number of objects or persons.
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Approaches And Tips To Solve The CAT Question Paper On Ranking
A total number of persons in a row = (sum of positions of the same person from both sides) – 1
Example: Sunil is 16th from either end of a row; the total number of persons in the row = 16 + 16 - 1 = 31If the position of a person/ object from one end is n, and the total number of persons/objects in the row is m; then the position of the same person from the other end will be (m - n + 1).
While calculating the number of places between two persons, cases of overlapping and non-overlapping should be treated differently.
Analyse the given information in the question by thorough reading.
Use visualisation/imagination skills.
Try to draw all the possibilities and eliminate the wrong one.
Questions On Ranking (LR) From CAT Previous Year Papers
These questions can help you build the concept of ranking: (Based on the CAT exam):
Question 1. In a queue, Antara is 19th from the front while Manthara is 28th from behind and Lolita is just in the middle of the two. Consider that there are 50 people in the queue. What position does Lolita occupy from the front? [CAT sample paper]
20th
19th
18th
21st (Correct answer)
Solution:
Total persons sitting between Antara and Manthara = 50 – 19 – 28 = 3
Lolita is in the middle of the two; So, Antara and Lolita have just 1 person between them. Therefore, Lolita must be at 21st from the front.
Question 2. In a row of boys, Ritesh and Manish occupy the 7th place from the right end and 9th place from the left end, respectively. Now if they interchange their places, Ritesh and Manish occupy 25th place from the right and 27th place from the left, respectively. How many boys are present in the row?
35
26
33 (Correct answer)
Cannot be determined
Solution:
Ritesh's Position from the right end = 7; Now Manish occupies the position of Ritesh which is 27th from the left.
So, total number of boys = 7 + 27 – 1 = 33
Question 3: Five friends, A, B, C, D, and E, are sitting in a row facing north. A is to the immediate right of B and immediate left of C. D is to the immediate right of E and immediate left of B. Who is sitting in the middle?
A
B
C
D
Solution:
From the given conditions:
A is immediately right of B → B, A, C (because A is immediately left of C)
D is immediately right of E and immediately left of B → E, D, B, A, C.
Therefore, B is in the middle.
Question 4: In a class of 40 students, there are 10 boys and 30 girls. Ramesh is ranked 12th when students are arranged in descending order of marks. Among the boys, he is ranked 7th. How many girls are ranked above him?
4
5
6
7
Solution:
Ramesh is ranked 12th overall, and 7th among the boys.
So, there are 6 boys ranked higher than him.
Therefore, the number of girls ranked above him is 11 - 6 = 5
Prerequisite For CAT Preparation:
To Prepare the questions based on Ranking for CAT 2024, a student must know of:
Basic Additions and subtractions
Sequence and Series
References to Study (Theory):
Verbal and Non-Verbal Reasoning by R S Aggarwal.
2IIM CAT Preparation (YouTube Channel)
References to Study (Practice):
Verbal and Non-Verbal Reasoning by R S Aggarwal. (Basic)
LRDI for CAT and GMAT by Nishit K Sinha. (Advance)
CAT previous year papers and CAT sample paper
VARC Topic: -Tenses Part-2 (Past Tense)
As discussed in the previous article, tenses are divided into three types for easy CAT preparation. Today we are going to discuss, Past Tense.
Past tense is used to describe the event that has occurred in the Past.
Past Tense can further be divided into four categories to indicate the action as follows:
Simple Past Tense/ Past Indefinite Tenses: A habitual action in the past. The action has already finished in the past but the time of action is not definite.
Formula: Subject + Verb (Past tense) + Object
Example: Geetha studied at IIM Ahmedabad.Past Perfect Tense: It refers to an action that happened before another event.
Formula: Subject + Had + Verb (Past participle) + Object
Example: Kushal noticed that Barsha had left his mobile behind.Past Continuous Tense: Continuous action in the past, that happened for some time.
Formula: Subject + Was/ Were + Verb (Present participle) + Object
Example: Sneha was eating pizza.Past Perfect Continuous Tense: denotes an action that was in progress before another event in the past.
Formula: Subject + Had been + Verb (Present participle) + Object
Example: I had been preparing for this examination for five months.
Students can practice on simple past tense worksheets and read simple past tense formulas to get more grasp on the basic past tense examples.
CAT questions on Past tense and Past participle from Previous year's papers
Question 1. I met the director yesterday, and he assured me that he will help if you will ask him. [Sentence correction]
[CAT previous year papers]
have met the director yesterday, and he assured me that he will help if you ask him.
met the director yesterday, and he assured me that he would help if you asked him.
met the director yesterday, and he assured me that he would help if you asked him.
No correction required
Solution:
The correct answer is Option B.
With ‘yesterday’, the Past indefinite tense should be used. So, option A is incorrect.
Option (c) is wrong because in “he will help if you will ask him”, the verb 'will help' is in the future, which is the result of a condition ‘if you will ask’ and both cannot be in the future.
Question 2. The Chief Proctor______into the classroom to see what the students_________. [Fill in the blanks]
Go, had been doing
Went, was doing
Gone, had been doing
Went, were doing
Solution:
The correct answer is option D.
Past indefinite with past continuous tense (For progressive work) is to be used.
Option A is wrong because “The chief proctor” is singular. So “goes” is appropriate or the past form.
Option B is wrong because “students” is plural, so “were doing” should be appropriate.
Option C is wrong because the past participle form of a verb alone can’t be used. There has to be a has/have/had.
Prerequisite For Tenses:
Basic Knowledge of Verbs and their forms.
Knowledge of the use of helping verbs (Was/Were/had/had been)
Knowledge of Nouns/Pronouns.
Tips For Error Correction In Past Tenses:
Learn the rules of all types of past tenses.
Read good Newspapers which use correct grammar (like The Hindu).
Do basic exercises on Past tense.
Attempt Mock-Tests.
References to Study (Theory):
How to Prepare for Verbal Ability & Reading Comprehension for CAT by Meenakshi Upadhyay and Arun Sharma (9th Edition)
Learn English with Rebecca · engVid (YouTube Channel)
Class (VI-VIII) NCERT for basic grammar rules.
References to Study (Practice):
engvid.com (Web)
Wren and Martin (sixth edition)
Practice CAT Sample Papers
Free eBooks for CAT Preparation 2024
300+ Phrasal Verbs List for CAT Exam, Types With Examples & Practice Questions | CAT Quantitative Aptitude Questions with Answers PDF |
Do practice, be focused, and wait for the CAT strategy to prepare for day 12 (Practice Set-3) tomorrow.
Thank You
All the best.
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Questions related to CAT
Have a question related to CAT ?
Although, it's very unlikely that you will secure a seat in top ABM with CAT 67 percentile. Here's is a breakdown to your question:
· CAT Percentile vs. Score: A CAT score of 67 typically translates to a percentile in the range of 90-95 percentile based on the provided data from previous years. While this is a decent score overall, it falls short of the cutoffs for most top-tier ABM programs.
· Cutoffs for Top ABM Institutes:
- IIM Lucknow: For their PGP-ABM program, the qualifying CAT cutoff for the general category is around 85 percentile . However, the actual cutoff for shortlisting for the Written Ability Test (WAT) and Personal Interview (PI) stages is likely to be higher.
- IIM Ahmedabad: While they also offer an ABM program (PGP-FABM), their minimum qualifying CAT cutoff is around 80 percentile , but the final admission cutoffs are usually much higher, often in the 99+ percentile range for general candidates.
- MANAGE (National Institute of Agricultural Extension Management): Their cutoff in CAT percentile has been around 70 for the general category in recent years. With a 67 percentile, you might have a slim chance here, but it's still competitive.
- CCS NIAM (National Institute of Agricultural Marketing, Jaipur): They consider CAT scores with a significant weightage (30-51% in their selection criteria). While they don't explicitly state a cutoff, it's reasonable to assume it would be higher than 67 percentile for a good chance of admission.
· Overall Good CAT Score: Generally, a CAT percentile of 90 and above is considered a good score for securing admission to decent MBA programs in India. For top-tier institutes, a percentile of 95 and above is often preferred.
· MBA Colleges Accepting 60-70 Percentile: While there are MBA colleges that accept CAT scores in the 60-70 percentile range, these are generally not the top-ranked or most sought-after ABM programs. The focus of those lists is on general MBA programs, not specifically ABM.
While securing a seat in ABM can be tough, you can research about other colleges, consider other examinations, to improve your application profile.
You Got This !
Aman Kar 16 April,2025
Hello,
achieving a 99.99 pecentile in the CAT exam significantly enhances your prospects for admission to JBIMS, which evaluates candidates using an application rating(AR) score, which includes
-entrance exam score (CAT/MH-CET/CMAT) : 60% weightage
-Past Academic Record (PAR) : 15% weightage (https://cracku.in/colleges/jbims/admission-process/?utm_source=chatgpt.com)
-Extra-curricular Activities/Work Experience : 20% weightage (https://jbims.edu/uploads/announcement/Revised_M_Sc__Finance_Admission_Procedure_Batch_2024-26.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com)
-Diversity (Academic/Gender): 5% weightage
while ahigh CAT percentile is crucial, a lower academic record may impact your overall AR score. Nonetheless, exceptional performance in other areas, such as entrance exams and extracurricular activities, can help offset weaker academic credentials. it's advisable to review JBIMS's detailed admission criteria and consider strengthening other aspects of your application to enhance your chances
Riya Dhoot 10 April,2025
To find the 2024 MHT CET answer key, you'll need to check the official Maharashtra State Common Entrance Test Cell website. This is the primary source for all official announcements and documents related to the MHT CET exam. After the exam concludes, the CET Cell typically releases a provisional answer key.
Once released, the provisional answer key will likely be available as a downloadable PDF file. You'll need to navigate to the official website, look for the MHT CET section, and find the link related to the answer key. This link might be labelled "MHT CET 2024 Answer Key" or something similar.
After downloading the answer key, you can compare your responses with the official answers. If you find any discrepancies or have objections, the CET Cell usually provides a window for raising objections. You'll likely need to pay a specified fee for each objection raised. The official website will provide instructions on how to submit your objections, which may involve logging into your candidate portal and following the provided steps.
Finally, after considering all objections, the CET Cell will publish a final answer key. This final version is considered definitive, and the MHT CET results will be based on it. Keep an eye on the official website for all updates and announcements regarding the 2024 answer key.
I hope this helps.
SUKRITI GUPTA 13 April,2025
Greetings! Here's a detailed response to your query
Okay, so you're a bit confused about what to put in those CAT, FMS, DSE, and IIFT forms regarding your 12th scores. Since you did CBSE, they usually only consider your final 12th standard marks.
Even though you did great in 11th, scoring 495 out of 500, for these entrance exam forms, they're specifically asking about your 12th board exam marks .You mentioned you got 400 out of 500 in 12th, which comes out to 80%.
Therefore, when filling out the forms for CAT, FMS, DSE, and IIFT, you should enter 80% as your 12th percentage. The aggregate of 11th and 12th isn't typically what they're looking for in these sections. They want to know how you performed in your final board exams. So, stick with the 80% from your 12th results. Good luck with your applications!
SUKRITI GUPTA 05 April,2025
Greetings! Here's a detailed response to your query:-
Determination of the best time to start the journey of CAT examination is based on individual factors like your current skill level, knowledge ,potential, learning pace and availability. To give yourself the best chance of success on the CAT exam , which usually takes place in November, it's advisable to begin studying between January and March of that same year. This 8 to 12-month preparation window is widely recommended by experts. But if you're managing your college along with the CAT preparations make sure you start from 2nd year onwards. It will hep you manage stress and you'll have ample amount of time to get along with the syllabus , pattern and various practice and mocks .
You'll be able to build a strong foundation in each sections and be able to know your strengths and weaknesses in different topics. The CAT syllabus is extensive, and early preparation allows for thorough coverage. Assess your learning speed and adjust your preparation timeline accordingly.
Essentially, while the ideal start time is subjective, beginning your CAT preparation well in advance is generally considered the most effective strategy for achieving optimal results.
SUKRITI GUPTA 01 April,2025
Popular CAT Questions
Directions for question :
M/s Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited, one of the top four audit and accounting firms in the world with headquarters at London, UK, and with an operational presence in 153 countries, hires Management Trainees (MT) from all the premier management institutes of India thrice every year, in the months of January, May and September.
Each new group of Management Trainees (MT) have to go through a four month rigorous training schedule, after which they have to pass through a test consisting of a written assessment and a case-analysis. The top hundred ranked Management Trainees (MT) based on the performance in the test are confirmed as Management Executives (ME). The rest are given the opportunity of undergoing the training for four months one more time along with the next batch of Management Trainees (MT) and then passing through the subsequent test consisting of the written assessment and case-analysis. The Management Trainee (MT) who fails to get confirmed as a Management Executive (ME) the second time is fired.
The scatter-graph below depicts the number of Management Trainees (MT) at Deloitte taking the tests from January 2020 till May 2022, and the vis-à-vis hired Management Trainees (MT) at Deloitte who were fired :
It is also known that for the month of September 2019 at Deloitte, 96 hired Management Trainees (MT) failed to be confirmed as a Management Executive (ME) the first time, and that 36 hired Management Trainees (MT) were fired.
Question :
In which test did the minimum number of Management Trainees (MT) get confirmed as a Management Executive (ME) in the second attempt ?
Option: 1
September 2020
Option: 2
May 2021
Option: 3
January 2021
Option: 4
January 2022
Directions for question:
The bar-graph given below shows the foreign exchange reserves of Nepal (in million Rupees) from 2014 to 2021. Answer the following questions based on the graph :
Question:
What was the percentage increase (rounded to the nearest integer, if deemed necessary) in the foreign exchange reserves in 2020 over 2016 ?
Option: 1 None
Option: 2 None
Option: 3 None
Option: 4 None
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A Marketing manager plans and executes marketing initiatives to create demand for goods and services and increase consumer awareness of them. A marketing manager prevents unauthorised statements and informs the public that the business is doing everything to investigate and fix the line of products. Students can pursue an MBA in Marketing Management courses to become marketing managers.
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SEO Analyst
An SEO Analyst is a web professional who is proficient in the implementation of SEO strategies to target more keywords to improve the reach of the content on search engines. He or she provides support to acquire the goals and success of the client’s campaigns.
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Digital Marketing Executive
Digital marketing is growing, diverse, and is covering a wide variety of career paths. Each job function aids in the development of effective digital marketing strategies and techniques. The aims and objectives of the individuals who opt for a career as a digital marketing executive are similar to those of a marketing professional: to build brand awareness, promote company services or products, and increase conversions. Individuals who opt for a career as Digital Marketing Executives, unlike traditional marketing companies, communicate effectively through suitable technology platforms.
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